:root {
  --ink: #172229;
  --muted: #647079;
  --paper: #ffffff;
  --cool: #f2f7fa;
  --cool-strong: #e7f0f5;
  --teal: #07566a;
  --navy: #062d4d;
  --line: #d5dfe4;
  --cool-ink: #35454e;
  --footer-text: #dce9ef;
  --footer-muted: #b8cbd5;
  --letter-paper: #fbfdfe;
  --serif: "Newsreader", Georgia, serif;
  --sans: "DM Sans", Arial, sans-serif;
  --page: min(1120px, calc(100% - 48px));
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
body { margin: 0; color: var(--ink); background: var(--paper); font: 16px/1.62 var(--sans); -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; }
a { color: inherit; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 4px; }
a:hover { color: var(--teal); }
h1, h2 { margin-top: 0; font-family: var(--serif); font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.08; }
.skip-link { position: fixed; top: -60px; left: 16px; z-index: 20; padding: 9px 14px; color: #fff; background: var(--ink); }
.skip-link:focus { top: 12px; }

.site-header { width: var(--page); min-height: 76px; margin: auto; display: grid; grid-template-columns: auto 1fr; align-items: center; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.site-name { justify-self: start; font: 600 21px/1 var(--serif); text-decoration: none; }
.site-header nav { display: flex; justify-self: end; gap: 29px; }
.site-header nav a { position: relative; padding: 28px 0 23px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 500; text-decoration: none; }
.site-header nav a::after { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; right: 100%; bottom: 18px; height: 2px; background: var(--teal); transition: right .2s ease; }
.site-header nav a:hover::after, .site-header nav a.active::after { right: 0; }
.site-header nav a.active { color: var(--teal); }

.home-main, .page-main, footer { width: var(--page); margin-inline: auto; }
.home-hero { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.25fr) minmax(300px, .75fr); align-items: center; gap: 84px; padding: 38px 0; }
.home-copy { animation: rise .55s ease-out both; }
.home-copy h1 { margin: 0 0 19px; font-size: clamp(52px, 5.2vw, 64px); letter-spacing: -.03em; }
.home-copy h1 span { display: block; margin-top: 8px; color: var(--ink); font: 500 .42em/1.15 var(--serif); letter-spacing: .03em; }
.role { margin: 0 0 20px; color: var(--cool-ink); font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.45; }
.role::after { content: ""; display: block; width: 70px; height: 3px; margin-top: 22px; background: var(--teal); }
.portrait-wrap { position: relative; z-index: 0; margin: 0; animation: rise .65s .08s ease-out both; }
.portrait-wrap::before { content: ""; position: absolute; z-index: -1; top: -38px; right: calc((100vw - min(1120px, 100vw - 48px)) / -2); bottom: -38px; left: 50%; background: var(--cool-strong); }
.portrait-wrap img { display: block; width: min(100%, 350px); height: auto; aspect-ratio: 1; margin-inline: auto; object-fit: cover; border: 4px solid #fff; border-radius: 50%; filter: saturate(.86); }

.home-details { position: relative; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 70px; padding: 33px 0 58px; }
.home-details::before { content: ""; position: absolute; z-index: -1; inset: 0 calc((100vw - 100%) / -2); background: var(--cool); border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.section-label { margin: 0 0 20px; color: var(--teal); font: 600 11px/1.4 var(--sans); letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.timeline { border-left: 1px solid var(--teal); }
.timeline article { position: relative; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 82px 1fr; gap: 20px; padding: 0 0 19px 24px; }
.timeline article:last-child { padding-bottom: 0; }
.timeline article::before { content: ""; position: absolute; top: 7px; left: -5px; width: 9px; height: 9px; border: 2px solid var(--cool); border-radius: 50%; background: var(--teal); }
.timeline article > span { color: var(--muted); font-size: 12px; font-weight: 600; }
.timeline strong { font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; }
.timeline p { margin: 2px 0 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 13px; }


.page-main { min-height: calc(100vh - 150px); padding: 62px 0 76px; }
.narrow-page, .contact-page { max-width: 940px; }
.page-intro { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 150px 1fr; column-gap: 35px; margin-bottom: 46px; }
.page-intro .section-label { grid-row: 1 / 3; }
.page-intro h1 { margin-bottom: 14px; font-size: clamp(47px, 5vw, 66px); }
.page-intro h1.section-label { margin: 3px 0 20px; font: 600 11px/1.4 var(--sans); letter-spacing: .14em; }
.page-intro > p:last-child { max-width: 680px; margin: 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 17px; }
.page-intro a { color: var(--teal); }
.page-intro.understated-intro { align-items: start; margin-bottom: 36px; padding-bottom: 24px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.page-intro.understated-intro .section-label { grid-row: auto; margin-top: 3px; }
.page-intro.understated-intro > p:last-child { max-width: 720px; }

.topic-list { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.topic-list article { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 250px 1fr; gap: 42px; align-items: start; padding: 28px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.topic-list img { width: 250px; height: 170px; object-fit: cover; filter: saturate(.72); transition: filter .25s ease, transform .25s ease; }
.topic-list article:hover img { filter: saturate(.95); transform: translateY(-2px); }
.topic-list h2 { margin: 1px 0 9px; font-size: 31px; }
.topic-list p { max-width: 670px; margin: 0; color: var(--muted); }
.related-work { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 7px 18px; margin-top: 17px; padding-top: 14px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.related-work > span { flex-basis: 100%; color: var(--teal); font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.related-work a, .related-work p { color: var(--cool-ink); font-size: 12px; font-weight: 500; }
.small-callout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.1fr 1fr auto; gap: 30px; align-items: center; margin-top: 30px; padding: 24px 28px; background: var(--cool); border-top: 1px solid var(--line); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.small-callout h2 { margin: 0; font-size: 27px; }
.small-callout p { margin: 0; }
.small-callout a { color: var(--teal); font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600; white-space: nowrap; }

.publication-list { padding: 0; margin: 0; list-style: none; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.publication-list li { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 64px 1fr; gap: 18px; padding: 20px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); transition: padding-left .2s ease, background .2s ease; }
.publication-list li:hover { padding-left: 10px; background: var(--cool); }
.publication-list li > span { color: var(--teal); font-size: 12px; font-weight: 600; }
.software-row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.2fr auto; gap: 30px; align-items: center; margin-top: 34px; padding: 24px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.software-row h2 { margin: 0; font-size: 27px; }
.software-row p { margin: 0; color: var(--muted); }
.software-row a { color: var(--teal); font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600; }

.course-list { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.course-list article { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 155px 1fr 280px; gap: 30px; align-items: center; padding: 19px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.course-list article > p { margin: 0; color: var(--teal); font-size: 11px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .08em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.course-list h2 { margin: 0; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.2; }
.course-list span { color: var(--muted); font-size: 13px; }
.methods { margin-top: 40px; }
.methods p { max-width: 760px; margin: 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.8; }


.contact-body { min-height: 100vh; display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.contact-body .site-header { flex: 0 0 auto; }
.contact-body .letter-page { flex: 1 0 auto; }
.letter-page { display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; padding-top: 52px; padding-bottom: 62px; }
.letter-card { width: min(100%, 720px); padding: 42px 52px 38px; background: var(--letter-paper); border-top: 3px double var(--teal); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); box-shadow: 0 18px 45px rgba(20,45,60,.08); font: 500 19px/1.62 var(--serif); }
.letter-heading { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 25px; margin-bottom: 38px; padding-bottom: 14px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.letter-heading p { margin: 0; }
.letter-heading p:last-child { color: var(--muted); font: 500 11px var(--sans); letter-spacing: .08em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.salutation { font-size: 23px; }
.letter-email { margin: 28px 0; font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 15px; font-weight: 600; }
.letter-email a { color: var(--teal); }
.office-details { margin: -12px 0 0; color: var(--muted); font: 500 11px/1.55 var(--sans); }
.office-details a { color: var(--teal); }
.letter-signoff { margin: 34px 0 0; }
.letter-signoff strong { color: var(--teal); font-size: 21px; }


footer { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 30px; padding: 20px 0 26px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 10px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
footer p { margin: 0; }
footer div { display: flex; gap: 20px; }

.site-footer { width: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 0; color: var(--footer-text); background: var(--navy); border: 0; }
.site-footer-inner { width: var(--page); min-height: 78px; margin: auto; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto auto; gap: 32px; align-items: center; }
.footer-identity { display: flex !important; flex-direction: column; gap: 1px !important; }
.footer-identity strong { color: #fff; font: 500 14px/1.3 var(--serif); }
.footer-identity span { color: var(--footer-muted); font-size: 9px; }
.footer-links { display: flex; gap: 9px !important; }
.footer-links a { width: 30px; height: 30px; display: grid; place-items: center; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 50%; transition: transform .2s ease, background .2s ease; }
.footer-links a:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,.1); transform: translateY(-1px); }
.footer-links img { width: 25px; height: 25px; padding: 5px; background: #fff; border-radius: 50%; }
.footer-copy { color: #91aeba; font-size: 8px; white-space: nowrap; }

@keyframes rise { from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(10px); } to { opacity: 1; transform: none; } }
@media (max-width: 820px) {
  :root { --page: min(100% - 32px, 660px); }
  .site-header { grid-template-columns: 1fr auto; padding-top: 16px; }
  .site-header nav { grid-column: 1 / 3; grid-row: 2; justify-content: space-between; width: 100%; gap: 12px; overflow-x: auto; }
  .site-header nav a { display: flex; align-items: center; min-height: 44px; padding: 12px 0 17px; }
  .site-header nav a::after { bottom: 14px; }
  .home-hero { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 38px; min-height: auto; padding: 48px 0; }
  .portrait-wrap { max-width: 250px; }
  .portrait-wrap::before { inset: -35px calc((100vw - min(100vw - 32px, 660px)) / -2) -35px 45%; }
  .home-details { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 32px; }
  .page-intro { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 4px; }
  .page-intro .section-label { grid-row: auto; }
  .topic-list article { grid-template-columns: 190px 1fr; gap: 25px; }
  .topic-list img { width: 190px; height: 140px; }
  .small-callout, .software-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .course-list article { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 5px; }
  .letter-page { align-items: flex-start; }
}

@media (max-width: 540px) {
  .home-copy h1 { font-size: 54px; }
  .home-copy h1 span { font-size: .5em; }
  .timeline article { grid-template-columns: 70px 1fr; padding-left: 19px; }
  .topic-list article { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .topic-list img { width: 100%; height: 190px; }
  .home-hero { gap: 30px; padding: 40px 0; }
  .portrait-wrap { max-width: 235px; margin-inline: auto; }
  .page-main { padding-top: 44px; }
  .letter-card { padding: 32px 24px; font-size: 17px; }
  .letter-heading { align-items: flex-start; flex-direction: column; gap: 6px; margin-bottom: 28px; }
  footer { flex-direction: column; }
  .site-footer { display: block; }
  .site-footer-inner { min-height: 0; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto; gap: 14px 20px; padding: 14px 0; }
  .footer-identity { grid-column: 1 / 3; }
  .footer-links { grid-row: 2; }
  .footer-copy { grid-row: 2; align-self: center; }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
  *, *::before, *::after { animation: none !important; transition: none !important; }
}

/* Readability, supervision and research navigation — September 2026. */
:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--teal); outline-offset: 5px; }
.site-header nav a { font-size: 14px; }
.page-intro.understated-intro { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 18px; }
.page-intro.understated-intro h1 { margin: 0; font-size: clamp(38px, 5vw, 54px); }
.section-label { font-size: 12px; }
.related-work a, .related-work p, .methods p { font-size: 15px; }
.course-list article { grid-template-columns: 150px minmax(0, 1fr) 235px; gap: 24px; }
.course-list article > p { font-size: 12px; }
.course-list span { font-size: 14px; }
.footer-links a { width: 44px; height: 44px; }
.footer-links img { width: 29px; height: 29px; }
.footer-identity span { font-size: 11px; }
.footer-copy { font-size: 10px; }
.site-footer a:focus-visible { outline-color: #fff; }
.office-details { font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; }
.enquiry-guidance { color: var(--cool-ink); font: 15px/1.7 var(--sans); }
.supervision-approach { margin-top: 56px; max-width: 720px; }
.supervision-approach h2, .supervision-record h2, .research-tools h2 { font-size: clamp(29px, 3vw, 36px); margin-bottom: 18px; }
.supervision-approach p:last-child, .section-description { color: var(--muted); }
.student-feedback { margin: 32px 0 56px; padding: 30px 36px; background: var(--cool); border-left: 3px solid var(--teal); }
.student-feedback figcaption { color: var(--teal); font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600; }
.student-feedback figcaption span { display: inline-block; margin-left: 12px; color: var(--muted); font-weight: 400; }
.student-feedback blockquote { margin: 20px 0 0; max-width: 760px; font: 500 24px/1.5 var(--serif); }
.student-feedback blockquote p { margin: 0 0 16px; }
.student-feedback blockquote p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.section-heading { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; gap: 24px; }
.section-heading a { color: var(--teal); font-size: 14px; }
.cohort { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.cohort:last-child { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.cohort summary { cursor: pointer; padding: 22px 0; color: var(--teal); }
.cohort summary span:first-child { margin-left: 8px; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; }
.cohort summary span:last-child { float: right; font-size: 14px; color: var(--muted); }
.student-list { margin: 0 0 24px; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.student-list li { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 185px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 28px; padding: 20px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.student-list h3 { margin: 0; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 600; }
.student-list p { margin: 0; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; }
.title-status { display: inline-block; margin-top: 7px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 12px; }
.research-tools { margin: 48px 0; scroll-margin-top: 24px; }
.tools-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 24px; }
.tools-grid article { padding: 28px; background: var(--cool); border-top: 2px solid var(--teal); }
.tools-grid h3 { margin: 0; font: 500 27px/1.2 var(--serif); }
.tools-grid p { color: var(--muted); }
.tools-grid a { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; min-height: 44px; color: var(--teal); font-size: 15px; }
@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .course-list article { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 7px; }
  .section-heading { align-items: flex-start; flex-direction: column; gap: 0; }
  .student-list li { grid-template-columns: 150px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 20px; }
}
@media (max-width: 540px) {
  .site-header nav { gap: 4px; scrollbar-width: none; }
  .site-header nav a { font-size: 13px; }
  .home-copy h1 { font-size: 48px; }
  .home-hero { padding-top: 28px; }
  .portrait-wrap { max-width: 185px; }
  .student-feedback { padding: 24px; }
  .student-feedback blockquote { font-size: 21px; }
  .student-list li, .tools-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 10px; }
  .cohort summary span:last-child { font-size: 12px; }
  .footer-links { gap: 5px !important; }
  .page-main { padding-top: 32px; }
}

/* A concise personal homepage, with no decorative layers crossing sections. */
.simple-home { min-height: 100vh; display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.simple-home .site-header { flex: 0 0 auto; }
.simple-home .home-main { flex: 1; width: min(1020px, calc(100% - 48px)); }
.simple-home .home-hero { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 260px; align-items: start; gap: 76px; padding: 70px 0 64px; }
.simple-home .home-copy, .simple-home .portrait-wrap { animation: none; }
.simple-home .home-copy h1 { font-size: clamp(42px, 5vw, 58px); }
.simple-home .role { font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 24px; }
.simple-home .role::after, .simple-home .portrait-wrap::before { display: none; }
.simple-home .portrait-wrap { max-width: 260px; margin: 4px 0 0; }
.simple-home .portrait-wrap img { width: 100%; border: 0; }
@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .simple-home .home-main { width: min(660px, calc(100% - 32px)); }
  .simple-home .home-hero { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 170px; gap: 30px; padding: 42px 0; }
}
@media (max-width: 540px) {
  .simple-home .home-hero { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 28px; padding: 32px 0; }
  .simple-home .portrait-wrap { order: -1; width: 120px; margin: 0; }
  .simple-home .home-copy h1 { font-size: 44px; }
}

/* Keep the restored career section within normal flow. */
.simple-home .home-details { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); padding-top: 36px; padding-bottom: 48px; }
.simple-home .home-details::before { display: none; }
.simple-home .timeline article::before { border-color: var(--paper); }
.simple-home .site-footer { flex: 0 0 auto; }

/* Compact homepage introduction keeps career details near the top. */
.simple-home .home-hero { padding-top: 42px; padding-bottom: 36px; gap: 54px; }
.simple-home .role { margin-bottom: 18px; }
.simple-home .home-details { padding-top: 28px; padding-bottom: 34px; }
@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .simple-home .home-hero { gap: 28px; padding-top: 30px; padding-bottom: 28px; }
}
@media (max-width: 540px) {
  .simple-home .home-hero { gap: 22px; }
}

.profile-bio { color: var(--cool-ink); font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.65; }
.profile-bio p { margin: 0 0 12px; }
.profile-bio p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }

/* Title-first publications, funding and service records. */
.pub-group { margin-top: 40px; }
.pub-group:first-of-type { margin-top: 0; }
.pub-title { margin: 0 0 6px; font: 500 21px/1.3 var(--serif); }
.pub-source { max-width: 76ch; margin: 0 0 6px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6; }
.pub-link { color: var(--teal); font-size: 13px; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.record-section { margin: 48px 0; }
.record-section h2 { margin-bottom: 18px; font-size: clamp(29px, 3vw, 36px); }
.record-list { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.record-list li { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 90px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 20px; padding: 18px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.record-list li > span { color: var(--teal); font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.8; }
.record-list h3 { margin: 0 0 4px; font: 500 20px/1.3 var(--serif); }
.record-list p { margin: 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 15px; }
.record-list a { color: var(--teal); }
@media (max-width: 540px) {
  .pub-title { font-size: 20px; }
  .record-list li { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2px; }
}